Lung Cancer

Known Symptoms

Local symptoms: Persistent cough, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain.
Systemic symptoms: Weight loss, fatigue, fever, clubbing of fingers.
Metastatic symptoms: Bone pain (bone metastases), neurological deficits (brain metastases), jaundice (liver involvement).
Paraneoplastic syndromes:
Hypercalcemia, SIADH, Cushing’s syndrome (more common in SCLC).
Red flags: Unexplained weight loss, persistent hoarseness, recurrent pneumonia.

Known Causes

Etiology:
- Tobacco smoking (primary risk factor). Radon gas exposure, asbestos, air pollution, occupational hazards (e.g., arsenic, chromium).
- Genetic predisposition (e.g., EGFR mutations, family history).
Pathophysiology:
- Cumulative genetic mutations (e.g., in TP53, KRAS, EGFR) lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, often via lymphatic or hematogenous spread.

Care

Prevention:
- Smoking cessation (most effective intervention).
- Radon testing in homes, occupational safety measures.
- LDCT (low-dose CT) screening for high-risk individuals (e.g., >50 years, >20 pack-year smoking history).
Follow-up:
- Regular imaging (CT/PET) to monitor for recurrence. Management of chronic symptoms and treatment side effects.
- Survivorship care addressing quality of life, psychological health.

Known Symptoms

Local symptoms: Persistent cough, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain.
Systemic symptoms: Weight loss, fatigue, fever, clubbing of fingers.
Metastatic symptoms: Bone pain (bone metastases), neurological deficits (brain metastases), jaundice (liver involvement).
Paraneoplastic syndromes:
Hypercalcemia, SIADH, Cushing’s syndrome (more common in SCLC).
Red flags: Unexplained weight loss, persistent hoarseness, recurrent pneumonia.

Known Causes

Care

Prevention:
- Smoking cessation (most effective intervention).
- Radon testing in homes, occupational safety measures.
- LDCT (low-dose CT) screening for high-risk individuals (e.g., >50 years, >20 pack-year smoking history).
Follow-up:
- Regular imaging (CT/PET) to monitor for recurrence. Management of chronic symptoms and treatment side effects.
- Survivorship care addressing quality of life, psychological health.

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Oncology

Oncology

Our Cancer Center offers comprehensive, multidisciplinary cancer care within a quaternary hospital setting, ensuring that every form of therapy and supportive service is available under one roof. With dedicated departments in Medical, Surgical, Radiation and Hemato-Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, Genomics and Palliative Care, our experienced teams deliver evidence-based, personalised treatment through advanced technologies such as linear accelerators, PET-CT, NGS-based precision oncology, CAR-T therapy and bone marrow transplantation. Every patient’s case is reviewed by a multi-specialty tumour board to design an individualised, multimodality treatment plan, supported by outpatient daycare chemotherapy, advanced radiotherapy techniques, minimally invasive surgeries and targeted nuclear therapies. From early detection and screening to rehabilitation, survivorship and end-of-life care, we focus not only on treating cancer but on delivering compassionate, coordinated and patient-centred care at every stage.

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