Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
Known Symptoms
- Common symptoms: Painless lymphadenopathy (cervical, axillary, inguinal).
- B symptoms:
- Fever, drenching night sweats, unexplained weight loss (>10% body weight).
- Fatigue, pruritus.
- Extranodal involvement:
- Abdominal pain or fullness (splenomegaly, GI involvement).
- CNS symptoms (headache, cranial nerve palsies). Skin rashes (e.g., in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma).
- Red flags:
- Rapidly growing masses, superior vena cava syndrome, spinal cord compression.
- Cytopenias (due to bone marrow infiltration).
Known Causes
- Etiology:
- Immune dysfunction (e.g., HIV/AIDS, post-transplant immunosuppression).
- Infections (e.g., EBV, Helicobacter pylori, HTLV-1, Hepatitis C).
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome).
- Environmental exposures (pesticides, radiation).
- Genetic predisposition (family history, certain genetic syndromes).
- Pathophysiology: Malignant transformation of lymphocytes due to genetic mutations (e.g., BCL2, MYC translocations), leading to disrupted apoptosis, proliferation, and immune evasion.
Care
- Prevention:
- Avoid modifiable risk factors (e.g., immunosuppression, infections where preventable).
- Early treatment of associated infections (e.g., H. pylori eradication for gastric MALT lymphoma).
- Follow-up:
- Regular clinical exams and imaging (PET/CT) to monitor response and detect relapse.
- Surveillance for long-term treatment effects (e.g., cardiac screening after anthracyclines).
- Vaccinations (avoid live vaccines during immunosuppressive therapy). Psychosocial support and survivorship care.
- Common symptoms: Painless lymphadenopathy (cervical, axillary, inguinal).
- B symptoms:
- Fever, drenching night sweats, unexplained weight loss (>10% body weight).
- Fatigue, pruritus.
- Extranodal involvement:
- Abdominal pain or fullness (splenomegaly, GI involvement).
- CNS symptoms (headache, cranial nerve palsies). Skin rashes (e.g., in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma).
- Red flags:
- Rapidly growing masses, superior vena cava syndrome, spinal cord compression.
- Cytopenias (due to bone marrow infiltration).
Featured Specialities
Our Speciality Services
Oncology
Our Cancer Center offers comprehensive, multidisciplinary cancer care within a quaternary hospital setting, ensuring that every form of therapy and supportive service is available under one roof. With dedicated departments in Medical, Surgical, Radiation and Hemato-Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, Genomics and Palliative Care, our experienced teams deliver evidence-based, personalised treatment through advanced technologies such as linear accelerators, PET-CT, NGS-based precision oncology, CAR-T therapy and bone marrow transplantation. Every patient’s case is reviewed by a multi-specialty tumour board to design an individualised, multimodality treatment plan, supported by outpatient daycare chemotherapy, advanced radiotherapy techniques, minimally invasive surgeries and targeted nuclear therapies. From early detection and screening to rehabilitation, survivorship and end-of-life care, we focus not only on treating cancer but on delivering compassionate, coordinated and patient-centred care at every stage.
More from KIMSHEALTH
