Piles (Haemorrhoids) and Anal Fissure

Known Symptoms

Piles:
- Internal: Bright red rectal bleeding (on wiping or in toilet), prolapse, discomfort.
- External: Pain (if thrombosed), swelling, itching.
Anal Fissure:
- Sharp, tearing pain during and after bowel movements, often with bright red bleeding on toilet paper.
- Visible tear on inspection; sentinel skin tag may be present.
Red flags: Persistent bleeding, weight loss, change in bowel habits (to rule out malignancy).

Known Causes

Piles: Thrombosis (painful external haemorrhoid), anaemia (from chronic bleeding), strangulation.
Anal Fissure: Chronic fissure, incontinence (rare, from surgical complications), fistula formation.

Care

Prevention:
- Avoid straining during defecation; maintain regular bowel habits.
- High-fiber diet, exercise, weight management.
Follow-up:
- Most cases resolve with conservative management; reassess if symptoms persist.
- Surgical follow-up as needed for procedural aftercare.

Known Symptoms

Piles:
- Internal: Bright red rectal bleeding (on wiping or in toilet), prolapse, discomfort.
- External: Pain (if thrombosed), swelling, itching.
Anal Fissure:
- Sharp, tearing pain during and after bowel movements, often with bright red bleeding on toilet paper.
- Visible tear on inspection; sentinel skin tag may be present.
Red flags: Persistent bleeding, weight loss, change in bowel habits (to rule out malignancy).

Known Causes

Care

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Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology

Our Gastrosciences service diagnoses and treats conditions of the digestive system such as the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas and bile ducts. Our team of gastroenterologists, hepatologists and specialist nurses use advanced, minimally invasive techniques to give precise care. POEM (Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy) treats oesophageal motility disorders, ESD to remove early tumours without open surgery, ERCP and SpyGlass for bile-duct problems, EndoVAC for closing leaks, STER for subepithelial tumours, and capsule endoscopy to image the small intestine. We also perform diagnostics and therapeutic endoscopy (OGD, colonoscopy, EUS, manometry, pH studies) and offer stenting, polypectomy, dilation, variceal therapy and biliary drainage as needed. In addition, age appropriate diagnostics and transplant-linked care are provided with dietitians and psychological support built into long-term plans.

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