Prostate Cancer

Known Symptoms

Early-stage: Often asymptomatic.
Locally advanced: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, urgency.
Hematuria or hematospermia.
Metastatic disease:
Bone pain (especially back/hips), pathological fractures. Weight loss, anemia, lower extremity edema (from nodal involvement).
Red flags: Acute urinary retention, renal failure (from obstruction). Neurological symptoms (e.g., cord compression from vertebral metastases).

Known Causes

Etiology:
- Age (risk increases significantly after 50). Family history and genetic factors (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutations, Lynch syndrome). Race (higher incidence and mortality in African American men).
- Lifestyle factors (e.g., high-fat diet, obesity).
Pathophysiology:
- Androgen-driven growth; progression often involves mutations in genes like PTEN, TP53, and ETS family fusions (e.g., TMPRSS2-ERG).
- Metastasis commonly occurs to bones (osteoblastic lesions) and lymph nodes.

Care

Prevention:
- Smoking cessation, weight management, limited alcohol.
- Screening in high-risk individuals (e.g., BRCA carriers) with MRI/EUS and CA19-9.
Follow-up:
- CT imaging and CA19-9 monitoring every 3–6 months post-treatment.
- Focus on symptom management, nutritional support, and palliative care.
- Genetic counseling for family members of hereditary cases.

Known Symptoms

Early-stage: Often asymptomatic.
Locally advanced: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, urgency.
Hematuria or hematospermia.
Metastatic disease:
Bone pain (especially back/hips), pathological fractures. Weight loss, anemia, lower extremity edema (from nodal involvement).
Red flags: Acute urinary retention, renal failure (from obstruction). Neurological symptoms (e.g., cord compression from vertebral metastases).

Known Causes

Etiology:
- Age (risk increases significantly after 50). Family history and genetic factors (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutations, Lynch syndrome). Race (higher incidence and mortality in African American men).
- Lifestyle factors (e.g., high-fat diet, obesity).
Pathophysiology:
- Androgen-driven growth; progression often involves mutations in genes like PTEN, TP53, and ETS family fusions (e.g., TMPRSS2-ERG).
- Metastasis commonly occurs to bones (osteoblastic lesions) and lymph nodes.

Care

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Oncology

Oncology

Our Cancer Center offers comprehensive, multidisciplinary cancer care within a quaternary hospital setting, ensuring that every form of therapy and supportive service is available under one roof. With dedicated departments in Medical, Surgical, Radiation and Hemato-Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, Genomics and Palliative Care, our experienced teams deliver evidence-based, personalised treatment through advanced technologies such as linear accelerators, PET-CT, NGS-based precision oncology, CAR-T therapy and bone marrow transplantation. Every patient’s case is reviewed by a multi-specialty tumour board to design an individualised, multimodality treatment plan, supported by outpatient daycare chemotherapy, advanced radiotherapy techniques, minimally invasive surgeries and targeted nuclear therapies. From early detection and screening to rehabilitation, survivorship and end-of-life care, we focus not only on treating cancer but on delivering compassionate, coordinated and patient-centred care at every stage.

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