Internal Medicine
About the Speciality
Our Internal Medicine service offers both primary and specialist consultative care for adults with acute illnesses, chronic conditions and complex multisystem problems. With physicians who manage long-term diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and respiratory conditions, while also treating infections, injuries and musculoskeletal concerns. We offer consultant-led inpatient care through a dedicated hospitalist service and an Acute Medicine Unit with 24-hour doctor and nurse coverage, supported by round-the-clock diagnostics (radiology, pathology and microbiology). Advanced treatments include non-invasive ventilation, high-flow nasal oxygen, plasmapheresis and coordinated plasma therapies, together with integrated physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Our team works closely with surgical and speciality colleagues for complex cases, and we provide home-care, adult immunisation, preventive & executive health checks, and visa medicals for international patients.
Relevant diseases
& conditions
Vitamin Deficiencies
Vitamin deficiencies occur when the body lacks essential vitamins required for normal growth, metabolism, and overall health. Common deficiencies include vitamins A, B12, D, C, and E, each affecting different body functions. Symptoms may range from fatigue and weak immunity to bone and skin problems. Causes include poor diet, malabsorption, chronic illnesses, or certain medications. Early recognition, dietary improvements, and supplementation under medical guidance can prevent complications and support overall health and well-being.
Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism)
Thyroid disorders occur when the thyroid gland produces too little (hypothyroidism) or too much (hyperthyroidism) thyroid hormone, affecting metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. Hypothyroidism can cause fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance, while hyperthyroidism may lead to weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. Causes include autoimmune diseases, iodine imbalance, medications, or thyroid nodules. Early diagnosis and proper management through medications, lifestyle adjustments, and regular monitoring help maintain hormonal balance and prevent complications.
Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
Obesity is a condition characterized by excessive body fat that increases health risks, while metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions—including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, abnormal cholesterol, and excess abdominal fat—that raise the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Both conditions often result from poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors. Early detection, lifestyle modification, and medical management are crucial to reduce complications, improve overall health, and maintain long-term well-being.
Migraines & Other Headache Disorders
Migraines and other headache disorders are neurological conditions that cause recurrent or severe head pain. Migraines often involve throbbing pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light or sound, while tension headaches and cluster headaches have different patterns and triggers. These disorders can significantly affect daily life, work, and well-being. Causes include genetics, stress, hormonal changes, diet, and environmental factors. Proper diagnosis, lifestyle adjustments, and medical management help reduce frequency, intensity, and impact on daily activities.
Liver Disorders
Liver disorders affect the liver’s ability to perform vital functions such as detoxification, metabolism, digestion, and nutrient storage. Common conditions include fatty liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver infections. These disorders may develop due to infections, excessive alcohol intake, metabolic conditions, or medication misuse. Early stages often show mild or no symptoms, while advanced disease can cause serious complications. Early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, and appropriate medical treatment are crucial to protect liver function and prevent long-term damage.
Kidney (Renal) Disorders
Kidney (renal) disorders affect the kidneys’ ability to filter waste, balance fluids, and regulate electrolytes and blood pressure. Common conditions include acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, and infections. These disorders may develop gradually or suddenly and can lead to serious complications if untreated. Causes range from diabetes and hypertension to infections and genetic conditions. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and appropriate treatment help preserve kidney function, prevent progression, and support overall health and well-being.
Infectious Diseases (Dengue, Typhoid, Flu, COVID-19)
Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that spread through contaminated food, water, air, or insect bites. Common examples include Dengue Fever, Typhoid Fever, Influenza, and COVID-19. These conditions can range from mild to life-threatening and often spread rapidly within communities. Early diagnosis, isolation when required, proper treatment, and preventive measures like vaccination and hygiene are essential to reduce complications, control outbreaks, and protect public health.
High Cholesterol (Dyslipidemia)
High cholesterol, also known as dyslipidemia, is a condition where unhealthy levels of fats, such as LDL cholesterol or triglycerides, build up in the blood. This increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications. It often develops silently without noticeable symptoms and is commonly detected through blood tests. Causes include poor diet, lack of physical activity, genetics, and underlying health conditions. Early detection, lifestyle modification, and appropriate treatment help maintain healthy cholesterol levels and reduce long-term health risks.
Gastrointestinal (GI) Diseases / Disorders
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases affect the digestive tract, including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. Common conditions include acid reflux, gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and can interfere with nutrient absorption. Causes may include infections, poor diet, stress, or genetic predisposition. Early diagnosis and proper management through medications, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications help improve digestion, prevent complications, and maintain overall gut health.
Endocrine Abnormalities (Hormone Disorders)
Endocrine abnormalities occur when glands in the endocrine system produce too much or too little of specific hormones. These imbalances can affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and overall body function. Common disorders include thyroid diseases, adrenal disorders, diabetes, and pituitary gland dysfunctions. Symptoms vary depending on the hormone affected but can significantly impact quality of life if untreated. Early diagnosis and proper management through medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery help restore hormonal balance and prevent complications.
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & Type 2)
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells, while Type 2 develops due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious complications, including heart disease, kidney problems, nerve damage, and vision loss. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and lifestyle management are crucial. Treatment includes medications, insulin therapy, dietary adjustments, and regular physical activity to maintain healthy glucose levels.
Chronic Fatigue
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, is a complex disorder characterized by extreme, persistent tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest. It can significantly affect daily activities, work, and quality of life. The exact cause is unclear, but it may involve immune, hormonal, or nervous system abnormalities. Symptoms can worsen after physical or mental exertion. Management focuses on symptom relief, lifestyle modifications, and gradual activity pacing to improve energy and overall well-being.
Asthma & Other Respiratory Disorders
Asthma and other respiratory disorders affect the airways, making breathing difficult due to inflammation, narrowing, or obstruction. Common conditions include asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, and allergic respiratory reactions. Triggers such as allergens, smoke, infections, or environmental pollutants can worsen symptoms. Patients may experience shortness of breath, wheezing, and persistent coughing. Early diagnosis and proper management are essential to prevent complications, improve lung function, and maintain quality of life. Treatments include medications, lifestyle modifications, and breathing exercises.
Anemia
Anemia is a condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to tissues. It can result from iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, chronic diseases, or genetic disorders. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications such as heart problems or developmental delays in children. Management may involve dietary changes, supplements, medications, or, in severe cases, blood transfusions to restore healthy red blood cell levels.
Allergy & Sinus Disorders
Allergy and sinus disorders occur when the immune system overreacts to allergens, causing inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses. Common conditions include allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and nasal polyps. Symptoms can range from mild nasal congestion to severe headaches and facial pain. Environmental triggers like pollen, dust, and pet dander often worsen the condition. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications, improve breathing, and enhance quality of life. Treatments may include medications, lifestyle adjustments, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Procedures & treatments provided
Endotracheal Tube (ET Tube) Intubation
Endotracheal intubation involves inserting a tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway, deliver oxygen, or support breathing during surgery or critical illness. It is commonly used in emergencies, anesthesia, or intensive care settings.
Diagnostic Tests & Biopsies
Diagnostic tests are medical investigations used to detect, monitor, or rule out diseases, including blood tests, imaging (X-ray, MRI, CT), and specialized lab tests. Biopsies involve removing a small tissue sample from the body to examine under a microscope for conditions such as cancer, infections, or inflammatory diseases. Both procedures help doctors confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment plans.
Chronic Disease Management Programs (CDMPs)
Chronic Disease Management Programs are structured healthcare plans designed to help patients with long-term conditions like diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, asthma, or kidney disease. These programs aim to improve quality of life, prevent complications, and reduce hospitalizations through regular monitoring, education, lifestyle guidance, and coordinated care.
Ascites Tap (Paracentesis)
Ascites tap, also called paracentesis, is a procedure to remove excess fluid from the abdominal cavity (ascites). It helps relieve discomfort, swelling, and breathing difficulties, and allows laboratory analysis of the fluid to identify infections, cancer, or liver/kidney disorders. The procedure is usually done under sterile conditions in a hospital or clinic, sometimes guided by ultrasound.
Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) Test
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis measures the levels of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and blood pH to assess lung function and acid-base balance. It helps detect respiratory, metabolic, or kidney disorders and guides treatment in critically ill patients. The test is performed by drawing a small amount of blood from an artery, usually the radial artery in the wrist.
Pleural Tap (Thoracentesis)
Pleural tap, or thoracentesis, is a procedure to remove excess fluid from the space between the lungs and chest wall (pleural space). It helps relieve shortness of breath, chest pressure, and discomfort and allows laboratory analysis of the fluid to identify infections, cancer, or other conditions.
Joint Aspiration (Arthrocentesis)
Joint aspiration, or arthrocentesis, involves removing fluid from a joint using a sterile needle. It helps diagnose the cause of joint swelling, pain, or inflammation and can relieve pressure or discomfort. The fluid may be analyzed for infection, crystals (gout), or autoimmune conditions.
Our Doctors
Expert care, now within reach
Dr. Amal Hamzah Hejab
Consultant, Internal Medicine and Hematology
- Arabic
- English
- Janabiya
- Medical Centre
- Salmaniya
- Hospital
Dr. Sheriff M. Sahadulla
Consultant, Internal Medicine
- English
- Hindi
- Salmaniya
- Hospital
- Janabiya
- Medical Centre
Dr. Shyam Sarat
- English
- Malayalam
- Tamil
- Kannada
- Hindi
Dr. Muneebuddin Ahmed Syed
Consultant, Internal Medicine
- English
- Hindi
- Urdu
- Telugu
- Arabic
- Salmaniya
- Hospital
- Janabiya
- Medical Centre
Dr. Hasan Marhoon
General Practitioner, General Medicine
- English
- Arabic
- Salmaniya
- Hospital
Available at
Find Us at Our Facilities
Royal Bahrain Hospital, Salmaniya
Royal Bahrain Hospital, Salmaniya
Orthopedics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, General Surgery, Cardiology and Plastic Surgery
93
Doctors
77
Beds
15
Services
2011
Established in
RBH Medical Center, Janabiya
RBH Medical Center, Janabiya
Orthopedics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, General Surgery and Cardiology
40+
Doctors
10
Services
2021
Established in
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